TENSES DEFINITION - SIMPLE PRESENT, PAST & FUTURE CLEAR CONCEPT

General English

^{SIMPLE PRESENT}

 

 

^{PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Do / Does}

^{ü   o;dfsfdePsf] t x'G5 t/ lgZlrtx'b}g . slxn] slt a]nfeof] eg]/ lgZlrtx'b}g .}

 

^{Present Tense: What you are currently doing.}

^{ex; I eat, I am eating.}

^{The action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about it completeness.}

 

   ^{1.    Affirmative :Sub + MV1 + s / es + Object.}

^{v  If Third Person Singular then MV1 + s / es.}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltldn] p;nfO{ lrG5f} .}

^{You know her.}

^{@= d White board df n]V5' .}

^{I write on white board.}

^{#= s'gfnd ;uF a:5 .}

^{kunal lives with me. ( Kunal is a third person so we use 's' in MV1  (lives)}

^{2.     Negative ( gsf/fTdsjfSo_ ; Sub + Do / Does + Not + MV1 + Object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d em'6f] af]Nlbg .}

^{I do not speak tell a lie.}

^{@= ltldn] bjfO{lnPsf] 5}gpm .}

^{You do not take medicine.}

^{#= p;n] sf]l;; g} ub}g .}

^{She doesn't try.}

^{3.     interrogative; Do / Does + Sub + mv1 + Object?}

^{( Answer Only Yes or No )}

^{For example ;}

^{!= s] ltld v]N5f} <}

^{Do you play?}

^{@= s] ltldToxfF a:5f} <}

^{Do you stay there?}

^{#= s] To;n] ltldnfO{ k9fp 5 <}

^{Does he teach you?}

^{4.     Double Interrogative ;Wh family + Do / Does + Sub + mv1 + Object?}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltldlsg ?G5]pm <}

^{Why do you cry?}

^{@= To;n] s] eG5 <}

^{What does he say?}

^{#= xfldsxfF hfG5f} <}

^{Where do you go?}

^{PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Is / am / are}

^{In present continuous, the action is on-going /still going on and hence continuous.}

^{For example;}

^{v  I am playing.}

^{v  He is not promising me.}

^{v  Are you going to mad?}

^{v  Are you talking to me?}

^{v  Why is not she talking to me?}

^{v  I am writing a notes.}

^{-          tTsfneO{/x]ssf] sfd _}

 

^{ü   o;dfsfdrln/x]sf] 5 . jt{dfgsfndfs'g} sfdeO{ /x]sf] 5eg]/ eGg' k/]df of] sfnsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .}

^{1.     affirmative; Sub + is/ am /are + mv1 +ing + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d cfO{/x]sf] 5' .}

^{I am coming.}

^{@= p kl/Iffsf] tof/L ul//x]sL 5] .}

^{She is preparing for exam.}

^{#= ltldxfd|f] af/]df ;f]lr/x]sf 5f} .}

^{You are thinking about us}

^{2.     Negative ;Sub + is/am/are + not + mv1 + ing + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltd|f] efO{n] ltldnfO{ af]nfO{ /x]sf] 5}g\ .}

^{Your brother is not calling you.}

^{@= d ltld;FucfO{/x]sf] 5}g .}

^{I am not coming with you.}

^{#= p;n] dnfO{ a'‰g] sf]l;; ul//x]sf] 5}g\ .}

^{He is not trying to understand me.}

^{1.     interrogative; is / am/ are + Sub + mv1 +ing +Object?}

^{For example;}

^{!= s] ltldn] d ;Fu s'/f ul//x]ls 5f} <}

^{Are you talking to me?}

^{@= s] pgLcfˆgf] 3/ uO{/x]ls l5g\ <}

^{Is she going to her home?}

^{#= s] ltldn] cfˆgf] hGdlbgdgfO{/x]sf] 5f} <}

^{Are you celebrating your birthday?}

^{1.     Double Interrogative ;Wh family + is/ am/ are + Sub + mv1 + ing +Object?}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltldcfh /fltsxfFuO{/x]s]f 5f} <}

^{Where are you going tonight?}

^{@= pgLd ;Fulsg s'/f ul//x]sf] 5}lgg\<}

^{Why is not she talking to me?}

^{#= ltldn] s'gkmf]gk|of]u ul//x]sf] 5f} <}

^{Which phone are you using?}

^{PRESENT PREFECT TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Has / Have + V3}

^{In present prefect, the action is incomplete or has ended and hence termed prefect.}

^{ü   I have eaten.}

^{ü   I have slept.}

^{ü   I have played.}

^{v  sfdul/;s]sf], of] sfndfsfd ;ls;s]sf] x'gfn] V3 k|of]u ul/G5 .}

 

^{ü   e/{v/ sfd k'/f eO{;s]sf] eg]/ hgfpg' k/]df of] sfnsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .}

^{1.     Affirmative; Sub + Has/ have + mv3 + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d}n] vfgfvfO{;s] .}

^{I have eaten meal.}

^{@= xfldp ;Fu e]l6 ;s]sf 5f} .}

^{We have met her.}

^{#= pgLltld;uF e]l6 ;Sof 5g\ .}

^{He has met you.}

^{2.     Negative ;Sub + has/have + not + mv3 + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d}n] tfhdxn b]v]sf] 5}g .}

^{I have not seen TajMahal.}

^{@= pgLcem} 3/ k'Uof 5}gg\ .}

^{She has not reached home.}

^{3.     Interrogative; has/have + Sub + mv3  +Object?}

^{For example;}

^{s] ltldn] Dofrlhlt ;s]pm <}

^{Have you won the match?}

^{s] ltldn] sfdul/;s]p <}

^{Have you done work?}

^{4.     Double Interrogative ;Wh family + has/have+ Sub + mv3 + Object?}

^{For example;}

^{ltldn] slxn] Dofrlhlt;s]pm <}

^{When have you won the match?}

^{ltldn] s;/L sfdul/ ;s]pm <}

^{How have you done work?}

^{PRESENT PREFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Has been/ Have been}

^{In present prefect continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still on going.}

^{ü   I have been eating.}

^{ü   I have been sleeping.}

^{ü   I have been playing.}

^{v  - agfO{ g} /x]s]f 5, ul/g} /x]s]f 5 _ - klxn] b]lv ul//fv]sf] clxn] klgul//f5 _}

 

^{Note :o;dfs'g ;dodfsfdeO{/x]sf] 5eg]/ ;do tf]s]sf] x'G5 . h:t} …d laxfgb]lv km'6an v]ln/x]sf] 5' . – slxn] b]lveg]/ k|Zgubf{ laxfgb]lv ;do tf]lsPsf] 5 .}

^{ü   jt{dfgsfndfsfdeO{ klg ;Sof 5  / eO{ /x]sf] klg 5 .}

^{1.     Affirmative; Sub + Has/ have + Been + mv1 +ing  + object + since or for + time.}

^{For example;}

^{dljxfg b]lv tkfO{nfOklv{/x]sf] 5' .}

^{I have been waiting you since morning.}

^{pgL @ lbg b]lvsf]l;; u/]sL l5g\ .}

^{She has been trying for 2 days.}

^{ltld1980 b]lv sf7df8f}df a;]s]f 5f} .}

^{You have been living Kathmandu for 1980.}

^{1.     Negative; Sub + Has/ have + not + Been + mv1 +ing  + object + since or for + time.}

^{For example;}

^{tkfO{sf] 5f]/f @ lbgb]lv :s'ncfO{/x]sf] 5}g\ .}

^{Your son has not been coming to school for 2 days.}

^{l/df ;fFem b]lv cfˆgf] n]zgofbul//x]ls l5g\ .}

^{Rima has not been learning her lessons since evening.}

^{1.     Interrogative; has/have + been + Sub + mv1 + ing + Object+ since or for + time?}

^{For example;}

^{s] ltld !)jif{oxfFsfdul//x]sf] 5f} <}

^{Have you been working here for 10 years?}

^{1.     Double Interrogative; WhFamily +has/have + been + Sub + mv1 + ing + Object+ since or for + time?}

^{For example;}

^{Where have you been going since morning?}